Qing Cheng and Man Cheng in Chengdu

The city walls of Chengdu were built mostly on the structures and foundation of Tang Dynasty. In Later Shu of Five Dynasties, Song and Ming Dynasties, the ruined city walls were rebuilt more than once. In Qing Dynasty, the emperors of Shunzhi, Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong all restored Chengdu, so that the structures of Chengdu's city walls, streets, bridges and main buildings mostly remain the same till now. Meanwhile, Man Cheng was specially built in the west of Chengdu's Da Cheng in Qing Dynasty for eight flag soldiers and their families. Man Cheng was comparatively closed to Han people who could not enter without permission. After the demise of Qing Dynasty, most parts of Chengdu city walls including Man Cheng were gradually pulled down and the remains can still be found now. The restoration and collapse of Chengdu city walls are the miniature of Chengdu's historical changes.