1672-8505

CN 51-1675/C

伊恩·布朗利的客观实证主义国际法观述评

Comments on Brownlie's Objective Positivist's View in International Law

  • 摘要: 本文旨在考察英国著名国际法学家伊恩·布朗利的客观实证主义国际法观。首先是布朗利的"客观实证主义国际法"所体现的一般国际法理论。在这方面, 布朗利在国际法效力上接受了凯尔森的"基础规范"影响, 但他把注意力放在国际法的实际功效上, 认为国际法事实上是有功效的, 而在现实中被误解和低估了。其次, 在对待习惯国际法方面, 他严格按照"国家实践"和"法律确念"的要素来检验, 这体现在他处理国际法中最有争议的人道主义干预问题的方法上。第三, 布朗利通过"国际事务中的法治"概念来构建国际公共秩序, 其组成要素实际上是形式主义的法治观, 其方法与耶鲁学派的"政策导向"方法是一个鲜明的对比。实证主义的国际法假定对规则的客观解释就是现实, 规则对所有国家都平等适用, 但规则产生的背景性质、平等适用是否对所有国家产生相同的法律后果, 这是实证主义方法没有考虑的。耶鲁学派将法律描述成"权威决策过程", 其对中国的积极意义在于, 中国必须深度介入国际法的立法过程。

     

    Abstract: This article makes an inquiry into Ian Brownlie's objective positivist's view of international law in three aspects. Firstly, it deals with the general theory of international law embodied in his objective positivist point of views. His analysis has witnessed his acceptance of Kelsen's conception of "basic norms", but focused on the performance and efficacy of international law, holding that international law, to an extent misunderstood and underestimated in reality, is indeed effective more than what we have observed. Secondly, his method in treatment of customary international law is to test it in strict terms of constituent element state practice and opinio juris, the example of which is his dealing with the most controversial humanitarian intervention in international law. Thirdly, Brownlie has constructed the international public order in terms of "the rule of law in international affairs", the elements of which are of the nature of a formal conception of rule of law, quite distinct with the "policy-orientation approaches" of the "Yale School".

     

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