Abstract: Old-aged Pension in rural areas is related to the stability of rural order and the sustainable development of agriculture. Due to the adverse natural conditions, the extreme fragility of ecological environment and relatively backward economy in Gansu province, Old-aged Pension is a severe problem in follow aspects: 1) the elderly are lack of financial support, life care and spiritual consolation; 2) The family supporting function is gradually weakening and the main supporting mode for the rural elderly faces challenge; 3) competitive pressure is increasing, the population flow has been accelerated and the intergenerational tilt is serious; 4) the development of pension system in poor rural is seriously backwards. To solve these problems, besides developing Gansu's economy and enhancing the economic capacity, great efforts should be taken to establish and perfect the rural pension system, build the necessary pension modes and system based on the real situation of Gansu.