“禹生石纽”续辨
On Yu's Birth in Shiniu
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摘要: 古文献中涉及大禹出生问题者, 多达二十余处, 而其说又颇有异同。其言"禹生石纽"十余处, 其中六处不言石纽所在郡县; 又六处皆言石纽在汶山郡广柔县, 而释广柔所在竟有三、四说不同; 另四处则不认为石纽在广柔而在他地, 但其地又不可查考。是石纽所在虽有七、八说, 但究在何地则莫可确指。究实论之, "禹生石纽"本系神话, 其言怀孕、分娩以及怀娩地点等等, 莫不都是怪诞的神话。且这些神话不是产生在人类的童年, 而是产生在文明时代的西汉晚期, 那时正值谶纬神学兴盛发达时期, 神学家们对古代的"圣帝明王"从伏羲到刘邦、甚至包括孔丘, 都莫编造一套感生神话, 给他们戴上一副神圣的花环。"禹生石纽"只不过是众多感生神话中的一个而已。这等妖妄怪诞的谎言, 显然都是不可信据、无法查证的。历史学的根本任务在于求真求是, 所以严谨的历史学家长期都对此说不屑一顾。近年来三峡考古出土了一通东汉的"景云碑", 碑文有句"术禹石纽汶川之会", 这句话本来就是明确告诉人们, 禹和石纽的关系是禹曾在石纽汶川召开过一次诸侯大会。但根据茂、理、汶的自然条件, 在这里召开一次诸侯大会, 可能也只是一种附会之谈而已。但是, 竟有历史学家用搞旅游的手法, 把这句碑文曲解为"禹生石纽", 是不可以不辨。Abstract: More than twenty places were mentioned as Yu's birth place in Ancient literature, which were quite controversial. The views are divided: 1) Shiniu was Yu's bith place more than seven times, but the place was uncertain and can not be clarified; 2) Shiniu was not Yu's birth place four times, and no place was found. Judging from the perspective of facts, Yu's birth place was a part of the fable Yu's Birth in Shiniu. The fable was produced in the late Westem Han Dynasty, when theology was in its golden age. The theologists fabricated fables on the birth of ancient sage and kings from Fu Xi to Liu Bang or even Confucius, enshrining them a divine wreath. So Yu's Birth in Shiniu is one of them without archaeological materials, arousing no interests in rigorous historians. The recently unearthed Jingyun Stele in The Three Gorges says, "Yu held a meeting in Shiniu and Wenchuan". According to the natural conditions in Mao, Li and Wen Counties, a meeting could not be held. But some historians make use of it for tourism development, which should be distinguished.