Abstract: As a living heritage site of damless water diversion that has operated continuously for over two millennia, Dujiangyan embodies four core principles: harmony with nature, collaborative governance, people-centered orientation, and adaptive regeneration. Together, these principles constitute an integrated cultural resource system encompassing spiritual, ecological, and governance values. Adopting an integrated analytical perspective that incorporates ecological, technological, institutional, and cultural dimensions—and grounded in the system's functional continuity and mechanisms of intergenerational transmission—this study develops a conceptual framework in which symbolic identification serves as the foundation, value orientation as the core, practical demonstration as the pathway, and spiritual cohesion as the ultimate objective. Within this framework, the paper examines the mechanisms and pathways through which Dujiangyan's living heritage cultural resources contribute to regional identity formation, human–environment coordination, and social harmony. The findings indicate that, through a cultural identification mechanism characterized by "symbolic transformation and value resonance", Dujiangyan's living heritage strengthens regional identity among communities in the region, centered on its enduring water-management wisdom. Through a human–environment coordination mechanism combining "ecological practice and ethical cultivation", it mitigates the ecological externalities of hydraulic engineering projects and offers practical reference for river ecosystem restoration and sustainable water infrastructure design. Furthermore, through a social harmony mechanism grounded in "multi-actor governance and equitable benefit distribution", it enhances basin-level collaborative governance and facilitates coordination among diverse stakeholders. The study argues that the value transformation of Dujiangyan's living heritage cultural resources provides a low-intervention, high-resilience paradigm rooted in Eastern ecological philosophy for addressing regional cultural tensions, ecological challenges, and social conflicts. It thereby offers both theoretical insights and practical implications for advancing ecological civilization and innovation in social governance.