Abstract: Public libraries are vital public cultural institutions and a core component of the public cultural service system, characterized by their strong public welfare orientation. However, due to the lack of clarity regarding legal responsibility for their protection, it is necessary to recognize the protection of public libraries as a distinct category of public interest litigation. Doing so would allow such litigation to function as an institutional mechanism for enforcing the obligations set forth in the Public Library Law. At present, there is a notable absence of clear legal foundations and operational guidelines for initiating this type of litigation. To address this gap, the Public Library Law should explicitly include provisions that recognize the protection of public libraries as a legitimate objective of public interest litigation. Furthermore, a comprehensive set of procedural rules should be established to cover critical elements, including: criteria for plaintiff eligibility, coordination mechanisms between public interest litigation and administrative or civil actions, permissible claims, standards for liability and evidence, and enforcement and remedial mechanisms.