Research on the High-temperature Performance of the Basalt Fiber Reinforced Boron Phenolic Resin Composite Based on Ceramifiable Fillers

To improve the high-temperature resilience of basalt fiber composite materials, this study utilized the prepreg molding technique to manufacture basalt fiber-reinforced boron-phenolic resin composites incorporating ceramicizable fillers. The thermal stability, dynamic mechanical properties, and high-temperature mechanical performance of the composites were evaluated through TG testing, DMA analysis, high-temperature mechanical testing, and scanning electron microscopy. The outcomes indicate a substantial enhancement in the high-temperature resistance of the composite materials with an increase in ceramicizable filler content. Specifically, at 50% filler content, the temperature corresponding to 5% weight loss (T_5% )of the composite material rises by 41°C, while peak decomposition temperature(T_max) increases by 12°C compared to the filler-free composite. Furthermore, the carbon residue rate at 1000°C escalates by 19.0%, reaching 77.6%. At room temperature, as the content of the filler increases, the bending strength of the composite material shows a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. After being treated at 300, 400, and 600℃, when the addition amount is 40%, the maximum value is reached, and the bending strengths are 356, 217, and 68.2 MPa respectively, with the strength retention rates being 89.2%, 54.4%, and 17.1% respectively. DMA analysis unveiled a trend in the storage modulus of the composite material, showing an initial increase followed by a decrease. Concurrently, the glass transition temperature (T_g) rises with the incorporation of ceramicizable fillers. Specifically, at a 50% filler addition, the T_g temperature escalates by 49°C compared to the composite lacking ceramicizable fillers.