Abstract: To gain an in-depth understanding of the development and comprehensive effect of regional agricultural science and technology innovation capacity, this paper starts from three dimensions of input capability, output capability and support capability and selects 22 indicators to construct an evaluation system of agricultural science and technology innovation capability, to evaluate the agricultural science and technology innovation capability of Sichuan Province from 2013 to 2018, and analyze the main factors affecting its development by using the Grey relational method. The results show that during 2013—2018, Sichuan's agricultural science and technology innovation capacity is on the rise year by year; the correlation between supporting ability and agricultural science and technology innovation ability is the strongest, while the correlation between input capability, output capability and agricultural science and technology innovation capability is weak. On this basis, the paper puts forward targeted countermeasures and suggestions from the perspectives of input, output and support.