Abstract: As the essential support of rural revitalization, effective governance covers multiple governance subjects, modernized governance system and capacity, wide-ranging governance content, modernized governance objectives and many other aspects. The theoretical mechanism of effective governance to promote the common prosperity of farmers and rural areas is that effective governance can form a “one core and multiple” cooperative governance pattern, give play to the role of the new rural governance system, and help the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas, so as to achieve the common prosperity of farmers and rural areas. Combing through the practice of rural governance, we found that it has made some achievements to some extent in the field of rural governance, whether it is rural politics, economy, culture or the governance of social and ecological environment, but it still faces many constraints to achieve the common prosperity of farmers and rural areas. This is mainly reflected in the lack of improvement in the building of community-level organizations of CPC, the weakness of the collective economy, the need to improve the quality of the living environment, the lack of livelihood guarantees, and the shortage of spiritual and cultural life of farmers. Based on this above, the effective paths to promote the common prosperity of farmers and rural areas are as following: 1. Strengthen the construction of community-level organizations of CPC in rural areas and give play to the core role of CPC on omnidirectional development; 2. Expand a new type of rural collective economy and consolidate the foundation for common prosperity for farmers and rural areas; 3. Improve the quality of rural living environment and realize the green development of agriculture in rural areas; 4. Promote equal access to basic public services and continue to improve farmers' quality of life. 5. Strengthen the construction of rural culture and improve the quality of farmers' cultural and spiritual life.