Abstract: The goal of organic linking of small-scale farmers with modern agriculture development is to realize agricultural modernization, which requires farmers' modernization. Under the circumstance that small-scale farmers coexist with modern agricultural production and management entities, the realization of agricultural modernization requires "transformation" of small-scale farmers in accordance with the standards of modern agriculture, and "transformation" of small-scale farmers mainly refers to urging them to learn knowledge of modern agricultural production and management, renew agricultural production and management philosophy, and improve their own production technology. "Transformation" of small-scale farmers is essentially a process to improve the human capital level of small-scale farmers. From the three aspects of "serving small-scale farmers", "improving small-scale farmers" and "enriching small-scale farmers", "improving small-scale farmers" with the connotation of improving the human capital level of small-scale farmers has greater long-term, strategic and fundamental significance. From the perspective of improving the human capital level of small-scale farmers, among the existing models of organic integration between small-scale farmers and modern agricultural development, farmers' professional cooperatives, returning migrant workers + small-scale farmers, and companies + bases + farmers are the ideal modes at present or in the future. However, due to their own deficiencies and defects, there are still shortcomings in these ideal convergence modes in promoting the human capital level of small-scale farmers, and it is necessary to further design relevant systems.