Abstract: A type of low specific speed hydraulic turbine was developed by referring to the structure form mechanism of middle-open pump and the runner design principle of hydraulic turbine. The authors deeply researched the hydraulic turbine in which four different airfoil guide blades were added by using the CFD simulation software. The simulation results indicate that it is not in favor of water flow to use traditional guide vane with thick head due to serious energy loss in the diversion components and guiding device. However, reasonable flow field distribution and optimal energy recovery efficiency attained in the hydraulic turbine with negative curvature guide vane whose head was repaired and airfoil was thinned. At the same time, the hydraulic performance was superior to that of the hydraulic turbines with other three kind of guide vanes at specific conditions.