Abstract: To address the degradation of damage boundaries caused by thermal diffusion in infrared thermography and the lack of consistency in reconstruction results under block-wise scanning of aerospace structures, a damage decoupling and reconstruction method for infrared thermographic inspection of aerospace components was proposed. First, tensor robust principal component analysis is employed to separate the low-rank background from infrared thermal sequences. Then, through physical feature space modeling, the mixed sparse component is further decoupled into a thermal diffusion component and a damage core component. Finally, a radiation-consistent reconstruction criterion is constructed for multi-view scanning to map reconstruction results from different regions onto a unified intensity scale. Experiments on hypervelocity impact damage specimens demonstrate that the proposed method can clearly characterize damage core features under complex thermal diffusion backgrounds and effectively reduce radiation discrepancies among different scanning regions, thereby improving the comparability of reconstruction results. The proposed method provides a physically consistent approach for damage interpretation and engineering application in infrared nondestructive testing of aerospace components.