Abstract: Digital village construction is a key initiative for advancing comprehensive rural revitalization. It plays an important role in optimizing resource allocation, promoting industrial development, stimulating economic vitality, and enhancing rural economic resilience. Using panel data from 1,841 counties in China between 2014 and 2022, this paper regards the National Digital Village Pilot Policy as a quasi-natural experiment and employs a double machine learning model to empirically examine the impact of digital village construction on rural economic resilience. The results show that digital village construction significantly strengthens rural economic resilience. This finding remains robust after a series of tests, including outlier removal, controlling for interactive fixed effects, excluding the influence of concurrent policies, and re-estimating the main regression model. Mechanism analysis further reveals that digital village construction promotes rural innovation and entrepreneurship, thereby enhancing rural economic resilience. Heterogeneity analysis shows that digital village construction improves both the resistance and recovery capacities of rural economies, with a significant effect in the eastern region but a weaker one in the central and western regions. Based on these findings, the study proposes several policy recommendations: improving digital infrastructure to invigorate the rural digital economy, advancing digital governance to optimize the environment for rural innovation and entrepreneurship, and emphasizing both “learning from the best” and “adapting to local conditions” in digital village development.