Abstract: Rural revitalization in China is currently constrained by structural inefficiencies in factor allocation and insufficient industrial upgrading. New quality productive forces, which contribute to improvements in total factor productivity, provide new impetus for addressing these challenges. Based on panel data from 281 prefecture-level cities in China from 2011 to 2024, this study employs a two-way fixed effects model and a mediation model to examine the effects and transmission mechanisms of new quality productive forces on rural revitalization. The results indicate that new quality productive forces significantly promote rural revitalization, and the findings remain robust after a series of robustness tests. Mechanism analysis further shows that new quality productive forces facilitate rural revitalization by reducing distortions in capital and labor markets and improving resource allocation efficiency. Strengthening smart production systems, promoting digital technological innovation, and enhancing green innovation capacity constitute important channels through which these effects are realized. Further analysis reveals significant regional heterogeneity in the enabling effects of new quality productive forces. The effects are significant in regions with relatively high levels of rural modernization but insignificant in less developed regions. Moreover, clear regional disparities are observed, with the strongest positive effects found in Northeast China, followed by Central and Western China, while Eastern China exhibits relatively weaker effects. Based on these findings, this study suggests deepening market-oriented reforms in factor allocation, improving resource allocation efficiency, implementing differentiated and progressive rural revitalization strategies, and strengthening coordinated technological, digital, and green development to reinforce the foundations of rural revitalization.