Abstract: Amid a turbulent global economic environment and ongoing domestic structural adjustment, firms face increasing pressure to enhance organizational resilience in response to crises and uncertainties. Drawing on resource orchestration theory, this study examines how firms leverage unabsorbed slack to shape organizational resilience through resource structuring and resource coordination. The results show that unabsorbed slack has a positive effect on organizational resilience. Resource structuring and resource coordination both serve as partial mediators in this relationship, exerting positive indirect effects. Furthermore, environmental uncertainty positively moderates the effects of unabsorbed slack on resource structuring and resource coordination, as well as the strength of their mediating roles in linking unabsorbed slack to organizational resilience. This study unpacks the underlying mechanisms through which unabsorbed slack influences organizational resilience and offers theoretical insights for firms seeking to enhance resilience by effectively orchestrating slack resources.