Abstract: Reviewing the history of poverty alleviation and development in the past 70 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the paper points out that the current stage is an important part in the transition from poverty alleviation to rural revitalization, which also shows some historical undertaking. The transition from poverty alleviation to rural revitalization in poverty-stricken areas may face difficulties such as weak economic autonomy, frail industry, inverted population structure, head strong developing model, and fragile subjective initiative of the people. This paper also points out that there still exist the institutional obstacles to the rational flow of economic factors in urban and rural areas. The paper discusses several aspects of the direction of rural revitalization in poverty-stricken areas: deepening further the urban and rural system reform; the transition from “precise poverty alleviation” to “precise revitalization”; and the transition from helping difficult groups to strengthening rural market players’ policies and professional farmers. It puts forward in the end that in the process of rural revitalization, attention should be paid to the real dilemma in the areas with harsh natural conditions, and respect should be given to the independent choice of individual migration and mobility.