Abstract: The new quality productive forces of Specialized, Sophisticated, Distinctive, and Innovative (SSDI) enterprises is characterized by digital, intelligent, and green technological innovation. It emphasizes specialization, refinement, distinctiveness, and novelty, and can be understood across five dimensions: technological innovation, green economy, digital economy, talent-driven development, and industrial innovation. The formation of this new quality productive forces is shaped by both internal and external factors—including innovation drivers, advanced industrial layouts, the empowerment of talent ecosystems, the linkage of the “dual-circulation” development pattern, institutional reforms, support from digital government, and science and technology financial services. Its generation mechanisms can be summarized into three types: Innovation Incubation–Feedback, Technology Deepening–Leadership, and Market Innovation–Driving. Furthermore, it enhances enterprise competitiveness at the micro level, upgrades industrial chains at the meso level, and improves economic and social outcomes at the macro level.