Abstract: With China’s targeted development of new agricultural productive forces and the comprehensive advancement of rural revitalization, the tea economy—a distinctive agricultural sector that integrates ecological value, cultural heritage, and economic benefits—has increasingly become a focal point of academic research. This study employs CiteSpace to conduct a bibliometric and visualization analysis of tea economy-related literature from the CNKI database covering 2004–2024. It systematically reviews research progress over the past two decades and identifies major hotspots, research trajectories, and developmental trends. The results show that publication output exhibits clear cyclical fluctuations; collaboration networks remain fragmented; interdisciplinary integration and regional cooperation are insufficient; and research outputs are highly concentrated in a limited number of outlets. Eight major clusters are identified, including tea economy, tea, and famous and high-quality tea. Research hotspots mainly focus on four areas: characteristic agriculture, the digital economy, industrial integration, and the cultural-historical dimensions of the tea economy. Looking ahead, future research should strengthen cross-regional collaboration, promote methodological innovation through hybrid approaches, integrate more closely with national development strategies, focus on emerging economic paradigms, and systematically build indigenous theoretical frameworks. These efforts will provide theoretical support and practical guidance for realizing the synergistic “ecology–culture–industry” value of the tea economy in advancing agricultural and rural modernization.